Pile fabric



E. J. JACOB 2,381,218

FILE FABRIC Filed May 30, 1944 Z5 4 INVENTOR.

BY z ggacw aQcui 4 W touching of the heated fabric Patented Aug. 7,-1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PILE FABRIC Eleklel J. Jacob,Brooklymhlllh, aaalgnor to Beniamin Llebowitl, New York, N. Y.

Application May :0, 1944, semi No. 53am 15 Claims.

The present application is a continuation in part of my copending UnitedStates patent appli- Serial No. 424,016, filed on December 22,

424,016 is a continuation United States patent application 394,895,filed May 23, 1941. This latter application is a continuation in part ofmy United States patent application 330,504, filed April 19, 1940.

in part of my prior My present invention relates to new. pile.

in providing a heat-protecting non-combustible pilefabric which is alsoadapted to be used for heating purposes.

Another object of my invention consists of a in which heating elementsare incorporated in such a manner that any danger of burning by isavoided.

Still another object of my invention consists of a newelectrically-heated to he used for various purposes, as for instance,for electrical hot pads, heated garments, aviator costumes, heatedblankets, heated rugs and other heating means for rooms.

ith the above objects in view, my present invention mainly consists of apile fabric having a fabric base and piles Droiecting from at least oneface thereof, said fabric base made of non-combustible electricallyinsulating fine filaments and line metallic wiresand said piles ofnon-oombustibie electrically insulating fine filaments only.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of my present invention, I useas non-=combustible electrically insulating fine filaments glassfilamerits and me the fine metallic wires without any covering, i. c,without rubber or textile covering; and obtain in this way a pile fabricof glass filament yarn comprising uncovered metallic wires incorporatedin the base of this fabric. Of course, it is also possibleto use besidesglass other noncombustible electrically insulating filaments as pilfabric adapted This United States patent application 'newnon-combustible heat-resistant pile fabric asbestos and filaments ofplastic material fulfilling the same requirements.

I have found that by incorporating fine metallic wires into a pilefabric made of fine heatresistant electrically insulating glassfilaments which simultaneously are also of relatively low heatconductivity, I am able to reduce the tendency of these glass filamentsof relatively low heat conductivity to burn out when locally exposed toa temperature appreciably above that which the fabric can otherwisewithstand. The reason therefore is that the fine metallic wiresincorporated in the heat-resistant glass fabric are of relatively highheat conductivity and distribute the heat over a greater surface,thereby reducing the temperature at the .0Ver-exposed region. Thus theheat-resistant electrically insulating glass or similar filaments areprotected from being melted or otherwis damaged.

Glass filaments are especially well-adapted for the purpose of thisinvention: glass is heatresistant and electrically insulating and canreadily be drawn into extremely fine maments. It is of particularadvantage that yarns made of such filaments can. be woven or knittedinto fabrics. As an example of a specific embodiment', yarns which arevery satisfactory for the present purposes may be made by twistintogether approximately one hundred glass filaments, each or which has adiameter of the order of magnitude of a few ten-iihousandths of an inch;a number, e. g., six of the resulting yarns may he plied or twistedtogether to form the final yarn of which. the desired fabric may bemade.

These glass filaments, or the yarns made thereof, form the main part ofthe new fabric. Incorlwrat'ed therein are the heat-resistant filamentsof relatively high electric conductivity.

' I propose to use non-combustible fibres of duetile metals as, forinstance, fine metallic wires as such filaments. Suitable metals forthese wires are, e. g., nickel, nichrome, chromium-nickel alloys,iron-nickel alloys and other metals havin: suitable electrical andthermal conductivity and preferably high resistance to oxidation atelevated temperature.

In this drawins: 4

Figure l is a cross section ofa pile fabric woven in accordance with mypresent invention;

Figure 2 is a rear view of the pile fabric shown in Figure l; and

Figure 8 is a rear view of a modified embodiment of the fabric shown inFigures 1 and 2. used as heating fabric.

The pile fabric made according to my present invention and shown inFigures 1 and 2 consists of a fabric base and piles II. The piles itconsist of glass or other non-combustible electrically insulating finefilaments or yarn. The fabric base is made by interweaving,interknitting or interlacing glass or other non-combustible electricallyinsulating fine filaments 1! with fine metallic wires 20 as shown inFigure 1 in cross section. Thus, the piles ll of the pile fabric concealthe wires 20 which are preferably uncovered, faciiitating manufacture ofthe fabric. The wires I! are thus spaced from the upper face 28 of thefabric; this fabric face 28 is called the pile face" of the fabric inthe following description and claims.

In Figure 2, I how the pile fabric from the rear. As apparent from thisfigure. the fine metallic wires are spaced from each'othery preferablybetween each two wires at least one glass yarn is arranged, insulatingthese wires and preventing short circuits.

The fine metallic wires II preferably form spaced fillings of the fabricbase as shown in Figure 8; however, I wish to stress that in Figure 2the fine metallic wires may be either spaced fillings or spaced warpthreads of the fabric base.

In any case, it is of' importance that the fine metallic wires 2! bespaced from each other. They are, furthermore, in accordance with mypresent invention, also spaced from the pile face 28 of the fabric bythe piles ll consisting of electrically insulating material as glass orthe like.

The fabric shown in Figure 3 is verysimilar to the one shown in Figures1 or 2, the only differenoe is that the parallel fine. metallic wireportions are spaced by two fillings of insulating glass threads. Thewire it is connected at its ends :4 and II with circuit ll which alsoincludes the source of electric current 21. Due to its electricresistance, the wire II is heated by the electric current passingthrough it.

Fabrics of the above described type may be used for various heatingpurposes as for instance for heating rugs, heating wall coverings,heating pads, heated blankets, and other heating means.

This fabric may also be used for heat insulatin: purposes as forinstance, for fireplace screens and fireplace linings and the like.

It should, however. be stressed that it-is also possible to use one andthe same fabric for both Thus, for instance, it is possibleto use afireplace screen consisting of a fabric of the above-described typealternately as heat insulating means in usual manner, or as heatingdevice; in the latter case it is only necessary to connect. the ends ofthe wire or wires incorporated in the fabric of the screen with a sourceof electric current.

It should be stressed that I have found glass yarn especially adaptedfor the purposes of the present invention.

The specific embodiments abov are merely illustrative.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United States is:

1. A heating fabric having a fabric base and pilesproiecting from atleast one face t ereof,

shown and described asanais said fabric base consisting of finemetallicelectrically conductive wires and fine glass filaments, and saidpiles consisting of said fine glass filaments only, thus spacing saidwires from the p le face of said fabric.

2. a heating fabric having a fabric base and piles projecting from atleast one face thereof,

said fabric base consisting of interwoven fine metallic electricallyconductive 'wires and fine glass filaments, and said piles consisting ofsaid fine glass filaments only, time spacing said wires from the pileface of said fabric.

3. A heating fabric having a fabric base and piles projecting from atleast one face thereof, said fabric base consisting of non-combustibleelectrically insulating fine filaments and fine metallic electricallyconductive wires, and said piles consisting of non-combustibleelectrically insulating fine filaments only, thus spacing said wiresfrom the pile face of said fabric.

4. A heating fabric having a fabric base and piles projecting from atleast one face thereof, said fabric base consisting of interwoven finemetallic electrically conductive wires and non-combustible electricallyinsulating fine filaments and said piles consisting of non-combustibleelectrically insulating fine filaments only, thus spacing said wiresfrom the pile face of said fabric.

5. A woven pile fabric having a fabric base and piles projecting from atleast one face thereof, said piles consisting of glass filaments andsaid fabric base consisting of glass filaments and fine metallicelectrically conductive wires incorporated in spaced fillings of thewoven base of said pile fabric, spaced from the pile face of saidfabric.

6. A pile fabric having a fabric base and piles projecting from atleast-one face thereof, said piles consisting of glass filaments andsaidfabric base consisting of glass filaments and fine metallic 40electrically conductive wires incorporated in the base of said fabric,spaced from the pile face of said pile fabric.

7. A woven pile fabric having a fabric base and piles projecting from atleast one face thereof, said piles consisting of glass filaments andsaid fabric base consisting of glass filaments and fine metallicelectrically conductive wires forming spaced fillings of said fabric andbeing spaced from the pile face of said fabric.

8. A woven heating fabric comprising piles'of glass filaments and afabric base consisting of glass filament yarn woven in consecutivefillings and fine metallic electrically conductive wires incorporatedspaced from each other in at least part of said fillings spaced from thepile face of said fabric. 4 a

9. A pile fabric having a fabric base and piles projecting from at leastone face thereof, said fabric base consisting of fine uncoveredelectrically conductive metallic wires and fine glass filaments, andsaid piles consisting of said fine glam filaments only, thus spacingsaid wires from the pile face of said fabric.

10. A pile fabric having a fabric base and piles projecting fromat leastone face thereof; said fabric base consisting of interwoven fineuncovered metallic wires and fine-glass filaments, and saidpilesconsisting of said fine glass filaments only, thus spacing saidwires from the pile face of said fabric.

11. A pile fabric having a fabric base and piles projecting from atleast one face thereof, said fabric base consisting of, non-combustibleelectrically insulating fine filaments andfine uncovered electricallyconductive metallic wires, and

said piles consisting of non-combustible electrically insulating finefilaments only, thus spacing said wires from the pile face of saidfabric.

12. A ile fabric having a fabric base and piles projecting from at leastone face thereof, said fabric base consisting of fine uncoveredelectrically conductive metallic wires and non-combustible electricallyinsulating fine filaments and said piles consisting of non-combustibleelectrically insulating fine filaments only, thus spacing said wiresfrom the pile faceof said fabric.

13. A woven heating pile fabric having a fabric base and pilesprojecting from at least one face thereof, said piles consisting ofglass filaments and said fabric base consisting of glass filaments andfine uncovered electrically conductive metallic wires incorporated inspaced fillings of said fabric base of said pile fabric and spaced fromthe pile face of said fabric.

14. A woven pile fabric having a fabric base and piles projecting fromat least one face thereof, said piles consisting of glass filaments andsaid fabric base consisting of glass filaments and fine uncoveredelectrically conductive metallic wires forming spaced fillings of saidfabric base and being spaced from the pile face of said fabric.

15. A woven pile fabric comprising piles of glass filaments and a fabricbase consisting of glass filament yarn woven in consecutive fillings andfine uncovered electrically conductive metallic wires incorporatedspaced from each other in at least part of said fillings, thus beingspaced from the pile face of said fabric.

' EZEKIEL J. JACOB.

